Your latest research looks at whether brain scans could help someone decide their career path. What did you find?
We are investigating whether the amount of grey matter - tissue with high concentrations of nerve cells - present in particular areas of the brain can affect performance in various tests of cognitive ability. What we are finding is that a person's score in tests of analytical reasoning, memory and spatial and numerical abilities is indeed related to the amount of grey matter in different areas of their brain. Our work is at a very early stage, but we are hopeful that one day knowing something about a person's brain may be helpful for providing guidance on vocational choice.
How can a brain scan help a person choose a job?
Understanding individual differences in brain structure may help predict a person's cognitive strengths and weaknesses, whether they are good at spelling or numbers, say. Everyone can learn to drive, for instance, but that doesn't mean that anyone can be a professional racecar driver. So you might ask whether there are any differences in the brain of a racecar driver that allows that person to have faster reaction times, a better visual-spatial sense, and more aggression. There are many factors that go into each vocation and we are just starting to ask whether information about a person's brain can help determine whether they would succeed in a certain career.
Isn't there a danger of limiting people by saying "this is what you are good at so you should do this job"?
I think it's really the opposite. Right now people make career decisions based on all sorts of factors. Having information about your brain could help you to make a better decision; the more information you have to help you make complex decisions, the better. Of course it is still deterministic, in the same way that college entrance exam scores might determine which university you go to.
What about brain plasticity? For example, if I was bad at spelling I could practise and my brain might adapt.
Yes, the brain is plastic and it does adapt, so there is a constant interaction between what you are doing and how your brain structure develops. So the question is, if you take a snapshot of a person's brain at one point in time, does that snapshot predict something useful? If you do this in children, for example, could it help determine the best educational strategy for them?
Mad scientists at IBM say they've made "significant progress" towards creating a computer chip that can emulate the human brain's ability to sense, perceive, comprehend, and interact with the real world*.
Big Blue says its ultimate goal is to develop computer systems that can handle with real-world ambiguity and interact with complex environments in a context-dependent manner.
The rise of our robotic overlords is not quite nigh, but IBM said it has already simulated a cat-sized cerebral cortex — the area of the brain that's key to memory, attention, and consciousness — using a massive Blue Gene supercomputer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
This feline-scale cortical simulation, which was made with the help of researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, included 1 billion neurons and 10 trillion individual learning synapses. The simulation ran 100 to 1,000 times slower than real-time, said Dharmendra Modha, manager of IBM's Cognitive Computing unit at its Almaden Research Center, in a blog post.